13 November Blog

Symptoms of Lung Fibrosis

Dr Hrushikesh Vaidya
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Symptoms of Lung Fibrosis

Lung fibrosis (pulmonary fibrosis) is a chronic lung condition that causes the tissue of the lungs to become scarred and thickened. As scarring worsens, it becomes harder for oxygen to reach the bloodstream, leading to shortness of breath, fatigue, and reduced quality of life. Understanding its symptoms of lung fibrosis is crucial for early detection and management.

What Happens in Lung Fibrosis

When inflammation or injury affects the delicate air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs, the healing process replaces normal tissue with stiff scar tissue. Over time, the lungs lose elasticity and can no longer expand efficiently, making breathing progressively more difficult.

Common Symptoms of Lung Fibrosis

1. Shortness of Breath: This is often the first sign noticed. Initially, breathlessness occurs only with exertion, climbing stairs or brisk walking—but as scarring increases, even light activity may cause difficulty breathing.

2. Persistent Dry Cough: A long-lasting, dry, hacking cough that doesn’t produce mucus and resists ordinary medication is typical of pulmonary fibrosis. It may worsen when lying down or speaking for long periods.

3. Fatigue and Weakness: Because the lungs cannot supply sufficient oxygen, organs and muscles tire easily. Everyday activities may feel exhausting.

4. Chest Discomfort or Tightness: Patients often describe a dull ache or pressure across the chest, sometimes mistaken for cardiac pain.

5. Clubbing of Fingers and Toes: Long-term low oxygen levels can cause fingertips to enlarge and nails to curve downward, a classic sign called clubbing.

6. Unexplained Weight Loss: Loss of appetite and gradual weight loss may appear in advanced stages.

When to Seek Medical Advice

A cough lasting longer than eight weeks, increasing breathlessness, or chest discomfort warrants evaluation by a pulmonologist. Early diagnosis allows interventions such as antifibrotic medication, oxygen therapy, and rehabilitation to slow progression.

Conclusion

Recognising the symptoms of lung fibrosis early can make a significant difference. Persistent cough, fatigue, and breathlessness are signals to seek prompt medical evaluation and begin therapy that preserves lung function and quality of life.