13 November Blog

Signs of Pulmonary Hypertension

Dr Hrushikesh Vaidya
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Signs of Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a condition where blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs becomes abnormally high, forcing the heart to work harder. If undetected, it can lead to heart failure. Recognising the early signs helps prevent irreversible complications.

Understanding Pulmonary Hypertension

In PH, the pulmonary arteries narrow, stiffen, or become blocked. This increases resistance to blood flow, raising pressure inside these vessels and straining the right side of the heart. Causes include chronic lung disease, congenital heart defects, blood clots, and autoimmune disorders.

Early Signs and Symptoms

Shortness of Breath: Initially noticeable only during physical activity, breathlessness gradually occurs even at rest as the condition worsens.
Fatigue and Weakness: Reduced oxygen in the bloodstream results in constant tiredness and decreased exercise tolerance.
Chest Pain or Pressure: The overworked right ventricle may cause a feeling of tightness or heaviness in the chest.
Swelling of Feet and Ankles: Fluid accumulation (peripheral edema) occurs when the heart cannot pump efficiently.
Bluish Tint to Skin or Lips (Cyanosis): Low oxygen levels give the lips or fingertips a blue-grey hue.
Fainting or Dizziness: A drop in blood flow to the brain during exertion can trigger brief fainting episodes.

How It’s Diagnosed

Diagnosis involves echocardiography, chest X-rays, ECG, pulmonary function tests, and sometimes right-heart catheterisation to directly measure pressure inside the pulmonary arteries.

Risk Factors

Smoking, sleep apnoea, obesity, connective-tissue diseases, and a family history of PH increase risk. Women are slightly more prone than men.

Expert Perspective – Dr Hrushikesh Vaidya

Dr Hrushikesh Vaidya explains that early detection allows effective management. “Shortness of breath that seems out of proportion to your activity level should never be ignored,” he advises. “Prompt evaluation can prevent long-term heart damage.”

Conclusion

The signs of pulmonary hypertension may resemble those of other lung or heart conditions, but awareness saves lives. Persistent breathlessness, swelling, or chest pressure require immediate medical attention. With proper diagnosis and therapy, patients can live active, fulfilling lives.